March 10, 2025

Understanding Acne in Kids and Teens: Causes, Treatments, and Best Practices


Acne is a common skin condition that affects many children and teenagers. While it is often associated with puberty, acne can develop in younger kids as well. Understanding the causes, dietary influences, skincare routines and available treatments can help manage and prevent acne effectively.

Causes of Acne

Acne occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil, dead skin cells and bacteria. Several factors contribute to acne, including:

  • Hormonal Changes: Increased hormone levels during puberty can lead to excessive oil production, causing clogged pores.
  • Genetics: A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing it.
  • Bacteria: Propionibacteriumacnes is a type of bacteria that can contribute to inflammation and breakouts.
  • Encourage Physical Activity – Regular exercise can improve sleep quality, but it’s best to avoid vigorous activities right before bedtime.
  • Stress: – Stress does not directly cause acne, but it can worsen existing breakouts.
  • Certain Medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids and certain birth control pills, may trigger acne.
  • Makeup: Some types of cosmetics can block pores.
  • Clothing: Wearing clothes that rub or irritate the skin can trigger acne.
  • Humidity: High levels of moisture in the air leads to sweating that can cause acne.

The Role of Diet in Acne

While diet alone does not cause acne, certain foods may exacerbate it. Research suggests:

  • High-Glycemic Foods: Sugary foods, white bread and processed snacks can increase blood sugar levels, leading to increased oil production and breakouts.
  • Genetics: A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing it.
  • Bacteria: Propionibacteriumacnes is a type of bacteria that can contribute to inflammation and breakouts.
  • Dairy Products: Some studies indicate that dairy, particularly skim milk, may be linked to acne flare-ups in some individuals.
  • Healthy Choices: Encouraging a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains can support overall skin health.

Establishing a Good Skincare Routine

A consistent skincare routine is essential for managing acne. Follow these steps:

      1. Gentle Cleansing: Wash the face twice a day with a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser.
      2. Avoid Over-Scrubbing: – Harsh scrubbing can irritate the skin and worsen acne.
      3. Moisturize: – Use an oil-free, non-comedogenic moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated.
      4. Sun Protection: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily to prevent sun damage and dark spots.
      5. Hands Off: – Avoid picking, squeezing or touching pimples to prevent scarring and further infection.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) and Prescription Treatments

Several treatments can help manage acne, depending on its severity:

    OTC Treatments

  • Benzoyl Peroxide: Reduces bacteria and inflammation.
  • Salicylic Acid: Helps unclog pores and exfoliate dead skin cells.
  • Retinoids (Adapalene Gel): Aids in cell turnover and prevents clogged pores.

    Prescription Medications

  • Topical Antibiotics: Help reduce bacteria and inflammation.
  • Oral Antibiotics: Used for moderate to severe acne to combat bacteria (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline.)
  • Hormonal Treatments: Birth control pills or anti-androgen medications may help regulate hormones in some cases.
  • Isotretinoin (Accutane): A powerful treatment for severe acne, prescribed under strict medical supervision.

What to Do and Not to Do

    Do:

  • Stick to a gentle skincare routine.
  • Use acne treatments as directed.
  • Keep hair and hands away from the face.
  • Stay hydrated and maintain a healthy diet.

    Don't:

  • Over wash or use harsh products.
  • Pick or pop pimples.
  • Skip sunscreen.
  • Use too many products at once, which can cause irritation.

When to See a Doctor

If acne is persistent, painful, leading to scars, causing depression or anxiety, it’s time to consult your pediatrician or dermatologist. They can recommend the best course of treatment for your child’s specific needs.

By understanding the causes of acne and following effective skincare and treatment strategies, kids and teens can achieve clearer, healthier skin. If you have concerns about your child’s acne, schedule a visit with Goldsboro Pediatrics to discuss the best options for their skin health.

Sources:
KidsHealth
WebMD
Johns Hopkins Medicine




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